Macro is a setting that allows you to take photos of things close to the lens in focus, this can be very handy when taking photos of flowers and insects up close and in great detail. I will most likely be using this setting a lot more than others because most of the ideas I have of my photos are close ups of things natural to the forest, mainly flowers. I also will use it go give a depth of field to my photo, as the focus point is in focus whilst the background tends to go out of focus and I can use this to create a depth of field.
Action/Sports mode:
The Action/Sport mode is used for photos of movement and can be very useful for things like Sports, running water, someone running etc. and keeping a focus on the target. This makes the camera use a higher shutter speed, like 1/500, and this is so the shutter captures the photo as fast as it can and this means it can get the photo at the very second you take the picture, it also makes the aperture wider to let more light in. Another useful feature is to use burst mode with the sports setting as this means that it continuously takes photos when you hold down the shutter release and this can be handy as I can check the photos later to see if any are good, and because theirs more, I'm more likely to find a successful photo. The reason I will use this setting is because I have planned to get a shot of one of the streams little water falls, and I don't want the water to show up blurred and so I will use this setting to have a crystal clear image of the water running.
Landscape mode:
The landscape mode on a camera is for taking photos of a landscape, unlike portrait mode which is for single objects, this is for a wide setting, such as a field. I will use this mode for when I am taking photos of a row or bunch of trees, particular when the sun is setting so I can get a kind of silhouette of the trees with the sun behind it.
Exposure:
Exposure is the amount of light let into a camera's lens or an 'electronic image sensor' and this can be determined by the light sensitivity of the ISO (Image Sensor), the aperture of the lens and the shutter's speed. There are two types of exposure;
Overexposure: This is when too much light reaches the light sensor, causing any details to get bleached. (An example of where this could be a studio with bright lights).
Underexposure: When little light reaches the light sensor, this can make the image too dark, thus you can not see the details. (An example of where this could be a night shot).
Shutter Speed:
This is how fast the shutter closes and opens, this can determine how much light around you is let in the lens.
A fast shutter speed is used for moving objects which you want to get a focus on, if the speed is fast then it lets in a small amount of light because the shutter closes so fast, meaning the camera can get a fast moving object easily in focus.
A slow shutter speed means the shutter closes slower and so a larger amount of light is let in, this can be used if you want your photo to have a blur effect, this is because the camera is taking the picture with light continuously reflecting off an object, or from an object (As shown below).
Depth of Field:
Depth of field is the distance between the farthest and nearest objects in the photo. Their are two types;
Deep Depth of Field:This is when the background is in focus and this can be useful for landscape images as it can make the setting stand out.
Shallow Depth of Field:This is when the foreground is in focus and this can be useful for when you want an object to be the focus point in the photo as the booty background is blurred out so you can barely see any details that may distract the viewer from the point you want them to focus on.
Aperture:
Aperture is an opening to let light in the camera lens, it factors into depth of field as it can let certain amounts of light in depending on the width of the opening is which is determined by the environments lighting. Aperture is measured in F-Stop, the bigger the F-stop (like f/16) the more closed the opening is, and the lower the F-stop (Like f/1.4) the wider the opening will be, A low F-stop lets in more light, whilst a higher f-stop lets in less.
For a shallow depth of field the camera's aperture will need to be something like f/22, this let in less light, this causes the background to lose focus whilst an object closer to the lens is more in focus as the camera can easily receive the light from something closer to it than something further.
On the other hand, a deep depth of field will need the camera's aperture to be something like f/2.8 to let in more light, this leads to the background and foreground of the photo to still be in great detail and in focus. This is because the ISO can receive all the light reflecting of those objects even farther away.
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